Along with Pablo Picasso and Georges Bracque, José Victoriano Carmelo Carlos González-Pérez was one of the "Big Three" of Synthetic Cubism. The art world knows him, however, under the somewhat shorter (and therefore memorable) pseudonym, Juan Gris.
Juan Gris, born in 1887 as the thirteenth of fourteen children of a wealthy merchant in Madrid, was instructed in painting technique by his own uncle and studied at the "Escuela des Artes y Manufacturas" from 1902 to 1904. There he became friends with José Moreno Carbonero, who later was to succeed as Salvador Dali's teacher and who already had a decisive influence on the young "Juan Gris". Under this pseudonym the young man painted his first pictures, still composed in Art Nouveau style, and earned his living with book illustrations - especially to poems by the then well-known revolutionary poet from Peru, José Chocanos. But as a draughtsman one did not get enough of drawing in Spain at the turn of the century, so Gris moved to Paris in 1906 at the age of 19. Although he was not economically better off there as a cartoonist for satirical weekly papers, he met a compatriot from Malaga in the "Beau Lavoir" studio who had begun to create paintings from geometric forms or, as the critics claimed, to dismember them: Pablo Picasso had created "Cubism" (French: cube), and Gris became his student.
Gris' speciality were "Papiers collées", from which our word "collage" is derived: For this purpose he glued pieces of wallpaper, playing cards, newspaper clippings into his pictures, in order to dissolve them by emphasizing the independence of color, form and structure and to integrate them into his work. Prime examples of this are "The Man in the Café", the "Still Life with the Cane Chair" or the "Teacups". The eponymous subjects provided the framework or rather the form of the work, which in the end only reminded one of the objects mentioned from a distance. However, if one steps back further and allows the picture as a whole to take effect, the "offside" materials and forms recede into the background, and the tea cups, cane chairs etc. suddenly reappear. The same effect was achieved by the ancient Romans with their colourful mosaics.
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Over time, Gris's painting style became "softer" and more conciliatory than conventional painting. He began to compose still lifes and landscapes in one painting. But Gris did not limit himself to painting: he created sculptures, created stage sets and even designed theatre costumes. He also continued to illustrate books. Like so many versatile geniuses, he seemed to have foreseen his early end - as obsessed as he was at times. He died of kidney failure in Paris in 1927, at the age of just forty.
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.jpg "Guitar and Clarinet by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Self-Portrait by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "The Mandolin by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Guitar, Apples and Carafe by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Guitar by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Man in a Café, 1912 by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Harlequin with a Guitar, 1917 by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Still Life on a Table by Juan Gris")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-64819).jpg "Guitar, Bottle, and Glass by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Backgammon by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "The Book by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "The Gueridon by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Guitar and Newspaper, 1925 by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Still Life with a Guitar by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Still Life before an Open Window, Place Ravignan by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "The Violin by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Portrait of Madame Josette Gris by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Still Life with Pipe by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Still Life with Guitar by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Guitar and Compote by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Juan Legua by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Glass and Checkerboard by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Still Life with Wine Bottle by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Harlequin with Guitar by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "The Geranium Pot by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Portrait of Pablo Picasso by Juan Gris")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1532442).jpg "Still Life with Guitar by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Seated Harlequin, c.1920 by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "The Basket, 1924 by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Houses in Paris, Place Ravignan by Juan Gris")
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_1916_-_(MeisterDrucke-635066).jpg "The Guitar (Still Life with Guitar), 1916 by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Still Life in Front of a Window by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Fantômas, 1915 by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Books and Guitar by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Still Life with Checked Tablecloth, 1915 by Juan Gris")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-266344).jpg "Self Portrait (1912) by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Ace of Clubs and Four of Diamonds by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Head of a Harlequin by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Cover of L")
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.jpg "Woman with Basket by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "The bag of Coffee, 1920 by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Pierrot, 1919 by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Composition with Watch (Watch and Bottle of Jerez) by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "The Jar by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Pears and Grapes on a Table by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "The Lamp by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Cover of L")
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.jpg "Bunch of Grapes and a Pear, 1920 by Juan Gris")
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_Peinture_de_Juan_Gris_(1887_-_(MeisterDrucke-1318274).jpg "Fruit Bowl and Newspaper by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "The Casserole by Juan Gris")
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_oil_on_canvas_46x73_cm_-_(MeisterDrucke-1094349).jpg "Still life with violin and glass by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Bottle, Glass and Fruit Dish by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Grapes, 1916 by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Newspaper and Fruit Dish, 1916 by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Fantomas, 1915 by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Still Life, 1917 by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Guitar by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Violin and Newspaper by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "European leaders make a toast during a conference, 1908 by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Book, Pipe and Glasses by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Fruit Dish, Glass and Newspaper by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Composition on a Table, 1916 by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Music Book by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "The Butter Plate, number 386, Satirical in Black & White by Juan Gris")
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 1955 - (MeisterDrucke-146334).jpg "The Guitar by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Siphon, Glass and Newspaper by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Bottle and Glass by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "The Goblet by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "The Open Window, 1921 by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Guitar, Bottle and Glass by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Still Life with Plate by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Mother of the Artist, 1912 by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Violin and Clarinet by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "The Table in Front of the Building by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "The Coffee Mill by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Fruit Bowl, Pipe and Journal by Juan Gris")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-290203).jpg "The Bottle of Banyuls by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Violin and Playing Cards on a Table by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Guitar on a Table by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Checkerboard and Playing Cards by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Compotier, Pipe and Newspaper by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "The Smoker Frank Haviland by Juan Gris")
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_1913_Museum_of_Modern_Art_New_Yo_-_(MeisterDrucke-1031437).jpg "Grapes and Wine by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "The Pipe and the Open Book by Juan Gris")
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_1915_Sun_087x_-_(MeisterDrucke-946918).jpg "Breakfast by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Guitar and Fruit bowl, 1926 by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Book and Fruit Bowl by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Bottle and Compote by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Bottle of Rum and Newspaper by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "L")
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.jpg "Still Life with Newspaper, 1921 by Juan Gris")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1428338).jpg "At the Cafe by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Under the Lamp by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Guitar and Fruit-bowl by Juan Gris")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1422551).jpg "Seated Woman by Juan Gris")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1637116).jpg "Still life with book (Saint-Matorel, December 1913) by Juan Gris")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1023658).jpg "Broc and Compotter by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "Still Life with a Jug by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "The Pot of Strawberry Jam by Juan Gris")
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.jpg "The Violin by Juan Gris")
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