The Pre-Raphaelites refer to an English art movement of the 19th century. It originated with the founding of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, PRB, by the artist friends William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais and Dante Gabriel Rosetti. The name outlines their chosen program - the model was Italian Renaissance art before the time of the painter and architect Raphael (1483-1520). The reason was their conviction that artistic naivety had been lost and that the omnipresent mannerism offered no possibilities for development. Later, artists such as Collinson, Deverell, William Michael Rosetti, Solomon, Stephens and Woolner were added to the group. At times the community published the journal The Germ, later Art and Poetry. The PRB was dissolved in 1853, some of the artists later found themselves in the Hogarth Club. One focus was on the most accurate depiction of nature. What the Academy of Art taught was to be overcome, art was to be liberated. Here there was a parallel to the German Nazarenes who had come together around Overbeck. One source of motif was literature, especially works by Blake, Shakespeare, and the late Romantic Tennyson. In their nostalgic longing, the Pre-Raphaelites sought a landscape still unspoiled by industrialization and stability in the pure and unadulterated. The Academy of Art took exception to the Pre-Raphaelites' painting style and excluded them from its exhibition halls. Critics scorned their work, while other artists sympathized. It was not until Ruskin's essay in The Times in 1851 that the painting style became suitable for the salon - the parallels to the esteemed William Turner as well as the painterly new approaches were now acclaimed. These included clear, luminous colors, bright light, the most precise, respectful study of nature, and the depiction of even the smallest details. The content was about the mystical in the life of the soul, the preference of true passion over beauty or elegance. This approach clearly influenced English art; influences are visible, for example, in Burne-Jones, de Morgan, Morris or Stanhope.