The history of art in Australia ranges from the creatively impressive prehistoric testimonies of the Aboriginal people of about 40,000 years ago and their tree bark and rock paintings and stone carvings to the strongly influenced by European Modernism, but still clearly Australian painting of the Impressionist-oriented "Heidelberg School" in the late 19th century. This includes the Impressionist-oriented Heidelberg School in the late 19th century, the more recent indigenous styles of the Hermannsburg School in the 1930s and the Western Desert Art Movement in the 1970s, as well as the diverse contemporary Australian art. Internationally renowned and successful painters, designers, photographers, sculptors and draughtsmen such as Ken Done, Rolf Harris, Ricky Swallow as well as Patricia Piccinini and Susan Norrie are also to be mentioned here. The representatives of "Contemporary Indigenous Australian art", some of whom have received several art awards, such as Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri, Kaapa Tjampitjinpa, Linda Syddick Napaltjarri, John Mawurndjul and Jenni Kemarre Martiniello also enjoy a good reputation today.
While these and many other contemporary Australian artists are able to make a living in their home country, which is far from the rest of the world, thanks to modern information and communication technologies and transport links, this was much more difficult for their predecessors throughout the 19th and even early 20th centuries. The art from "Down Under", at that time viewed with much scepticism on the part of Europeans towards the notorious British penal colony, was accepted as such almost exclusively in the form of illustrations of exotic Australian fauna and flora. Pictures, paintings and drawings of Ferdinand Bauer, Charles Alexandre Lesueur, John William Lewin, Benjamin Duterrau, Robert Hawker Dowling, John Glover and Conrad Martens thus circulated almost exclusively in Australia itself, and even the first galleries and museums, such as the "National Gallery of Victoria" in Melbourne in 1861, were not created until the middle of the 19th century. However, this international isolation slowly came to an end from the 1880s and 1890s onwards, and artists such as Arthur Streeton, Frederick McCubbin and Tom Roberts were also increasingly honoured overseas for skilful depictions of the typical colours, landscapes and lighting conditions of Australia.
Another of the first Australian artists to be successful abroad was the painter, author, printmaker and illustrator Mortimer Luddington Menpes, who was born and raised in Port Adelaide, but whose career actually took its course in Great Britain and not in Australia. After his family had moved back to England in 1875, he began his art education in 1878 at the School of Art in London and exhibited for the first time in 1880 at the Royal Academy. Inspired by a sketch tour of Brittany and influenced by Japanese designs, Menpes became a major figure in the renaissance of etching and produced more than 700 etchings, usually printed by himself. During the Boer War in South Africa from 1900 onwards, he worked as an illustrator and subsequently undertook extensive travels to Burma, Egypt, France, India, Italy, Japan, Kashmir, Mexico, Morocco and Spain. Menpes made a good living from printing his drawn impressions of foreign countries, but was also known for his skilful oil paintings and watercolours. He also devoted himself to the professional cultivation of carnations and founded two printing works in London and Watford to produce colour illustrated books using the Hentschel colour type process, which was new at the time.
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.jpg "By the Fountain, Jeypore by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "By the Light of the Lanterns by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Bearing a Burden by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Trafalgar Square by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Marche de Neuilly by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "One of the Most Picturesque Groups in the Retainers Procession by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1499554).jpg "World’s Children: Spanish, Helping Mother by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Lord Curzon and the Duchess of Connaught on their Way to the Retainers")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1130873).jpg "Cecil Rhodes by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "An Elephant from Jaipur by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "The State Entry, A Distinguished Maharaja by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Clifden Hampden from the Bridge by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-968233).jpg "Lord Kitchener by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "The Golden Temple, Amritsar by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Native Bards from the Cutch State by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Mid-day, Jeypore, 1905 by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1509335).jpg "World’s Children: English, The Doll by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Notre Dame from the River by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "On the Alipur Road by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Outside Kioto by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A Breton Woman by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Chelsea Reach, with the Old Church by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A Blaze of Sun, 1903 by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Portrait Study, c1880 by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "In the Market-place, Jeypore by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1496262).jpg "Outside the Cathedral, Quimper by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A Courtyard, Seville by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1497873).jpg "Watching for the Fishing-fleet, Concarneau by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "An Elephant Reception for the Prince of Wales, Illustration from")
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.jpg "Westminster by Night by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Through the Streets of Delhi by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "On the Steps of the Jumma Masjid by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Lord Roberts Watching the Battle of Osfontein by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1502594).jpg "World’s Children: Canadian, The First Walk by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1496998).jpg "World")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1485920).jpg "World’s Children: Chinese, How Good by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "At the Door of the Temple, 1905 by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Walton Bridge by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Studies of James McNeill Whistler, c1886, 1903 by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "The Lawns in the Tuileries by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A Bazaar at Peshawur, 1905 by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Flower-placing by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Child by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A Cairo Street by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A Popular Stall by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "The Church at Wargrave by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Street Vendors by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A Kiosque, Paris by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A Provincial Interior by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Windsor by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Night Scene at Puebla by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1494862).jpg "John Lawrence Toole, English Actor by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1506805).jpg "World")
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.jpg "The Custom House by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Scutari by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1495781).jpg "A Breton Farmer by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "An Old-Fashioned Hearth by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Market Day in Peshawur by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A Back Canal, Osaka by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-90198).jpg "The Pont des Arts (Late Afternoon) by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A Sunny Temple by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Bombay Retainers by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Chalet near Lucerne by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Carpenters at Work by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A Flower Market by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Lord Roberts by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Bronze Cleaners by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Sir Alfred Milner by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1500857).jpg "In an Auberge, Pont-Aven by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "At a Street Corner, Amritsar by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1502851).jpg "World")
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.jpg "Early Morning on the Seine by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Street Scene in Tangier by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "On the Yellow River by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Mid-Day, Delhi by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A Rag Shop, 1905 by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A Fruit Stall, 1905 by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1495897).jpg "A Pig-Market by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A Cloisonne Worker by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1482853).jpg "World’s Children: Japanese, One of our New Allies by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1495905).jpg "The Little Housewife by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Scuola di San Marco by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A Tranquil Water-way by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "The Street with the Gallery by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Peach-Blossom by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A Blaze of Sun by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A Seed Stall, Delhi by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Clifden Hampden by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Pangbourne by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A Narrow Thoroughfare, 1905 by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1510544).jpg "Preparing the Mid-day Meal by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Burmese Elephants at the State Entry by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A Potter by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A Quiet Street, 1905 by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Benares, Blue is the Sky by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1500548).jpg "Mid-day by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Jeypore at Noon by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Jeypore by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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