From an artistic point of view, the 19th century was a century full of stylistic changes. From Classicism to Romanticism to Realism, European artists devoted themselves again and again to new production techniques and, above all, motifs. In the beginning, painters mainly created pictures that were sentimental, melancholic and poetic. The past and especially the Middle Ages were preferred motifs. With the change of style towards realism, it was landscape painting that slowly became more and more important. Nevertheless, many artists continued to combine the longing with the natural. Influenced by the "longing for Italy", many creative artists went to the coasts and the time-honored cities of the boot. Many well-known and then aspiring artists were drawn to Italy, where they captured the exciting seashores and sunny landscapes on canvas. Those who were born in Italy understood the longing of foreigners for the local flora and fauna, but often looked elsewhere for inspiration themselves.
Raimundo Petraroja's creative period falls in the last third of the exciting century. As an Italian artist with the center of his life in Naples, he devoted himself mainly to realistic and natural subjects. Even though at that time many artists were implementing new trends and indulging in Impressionism or open-air painting, Petraroja continued to focus on realistic motifs. In his studies of nature, he created numerous works of art depicting mainly animals, plants and exotic representations. For some of his works he used the then emerging technique of lithography. The planographic prints on wove paper were subsequently hand-colored and signed. In addition to numerous creatures from all continents of the earth, he created at least as many marine animals. The focus was never on the animal alone. Naturalistic backgrounds and lush accompanying flora were firmly part of his style. The realistic character is evident not only in the artworks themselves, but often in their titles, which frequently bear the Latin names of the fauna.
In addition, his works rarely occupied the entire canvas. Whether badger, monkey or underwater sponge, they were all centered on the surface so that the focus was even more on the main subject. This technique was and is typical of scientific illustrations. The manner of depiction says a lot about Petraroja, who devoted his entire artistic output to the detailed presentation of natural scenes. The preoccupation with nature was a change from the political tensions and turmoil of the country towards the end of the 19th century. It was not until 1861 that the Kingdom of Italy was established. In the years that followed, the country was marked by a division between the north and the south, which was reflected in civil war-like conditions. In the course of the last decades, Italy joined the colonial powers of Austria-Hungary and the German Empire. The newly formed Triple Alliance conquered territories in Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Somalia in the 1880s. So it is not surprising that African motifs are also part of Petraroja's repertoire.
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.jpg "Cormorant, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Edible Frog, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Inuit Sled Dog, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Wild Turkey by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Egyptian Fruit Bat, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Harbour Porpoise by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Asian Elephant, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "European Flounder by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Northern Rockhopper Penguin, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Eurasian Coot, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Tape Worm, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Crustaceans by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Llama by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Raccoon by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Musk Ox, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Centipede, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Royal Albatross (1863-79) by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Mandrill by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Scarab Beetles, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Dark-Winged Trumpeter by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "European Adder by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Argus Pheasant, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Eastern Grey Kangaroo by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Angora Cat, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "European Badger, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Potoroo, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Egyptian Cobra, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Black Spider Monkey by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Zebra by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Leaf Insect by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "White Stork by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Chicken, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Arabian Gazelle, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Agouti, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "South American Tapir by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Hottentots by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Merino Sheep by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Bushbaby, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Butterflies, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "House Mouse by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Griffon Vulture, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Common Sawfish, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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_-_Plate_from_Natural_History_by_Bernard_G_-_(MeisterDrucke-1472224).jpg "Viper spearhead (Cophias Lanceolatus) - Plate from Natural History by Bernard Germain de Lacepede, edition P. Furme, Paris by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Hedgehog, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Zebra, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Dogs, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Red Isis Corals, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Nilgai by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Greater Grison by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "African Grey Parrot by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Hippo, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Wolf by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Kinkajou, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Anatomy by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Atlantic Salmon, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Goliath Beetles, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Southern Three-Banded Armadillo by Raimundo Petraroja")
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_-_Plate_extracted_from_Histoire_N_-_(MeisterDrucke-1470409).jpg "La head fourchue (Lyriocephalus margaritaceus) - Plate extracted from Histoire Naturelle by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "African Civet, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Wandering Albatross by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Black Rhinoceros by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Broadbills, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Eurasian Eagle Owl by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Egyptian Mongoose, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Title Page, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Corals, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Siberian Musk Deer by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Spoonbill by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Spur-Thighed Tortoise, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Brown Rat by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Dogs by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Argus Pheasant by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Roe Deer by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "English Horse, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Bonnet Monkey by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Drill by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Giraffe, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "True Crickets, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Jellyfish by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Papuan Frogmouth, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Chinese People, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Nine-Banded Armadillo by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "White-Headed Brown Lemur by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Bittern, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Snowy Owl by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Tiger and Ground Beetles, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Dromedary, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Gorgon")
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.jpg "Skulls by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Black Wildebeest, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Chinchilla, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Black-Winged Stilt, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Brown Trout, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Donkey, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Lion by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Pardine Genet, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Magpie, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Scarab Beetles, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Raven, 1863-79 by Raimundo Petraroja")
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.jpg "Jaguar by Raimundo Petraroja")
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