The history of art in Australia ranges from the creatively impressive prehistoric testimonies of the Aboriginal people of about 40,000 years ago and their tree bark and rock paintings and stone carvings to the strongly influenced by European Modernism, but still clearly Australian painting of the Impressionist-oriented "Heidelberg School" in the late 19th century. This includes the Impressionist-oriented Heidelberg School in the late 19th century, the more recent indigenous styles of the Hermannsburg School in the 1930s and the Western Desert Art Movement in the 1970s, as well as the diverse contemporary Australian art. Internationally renowned and successful painters, designers, photographers, sculptors and draughtsmen such as Ken Done, Rolf Harris, Ricky Swallow as well as Patricia Piccinini and Susan Norrie are also to be mentioned here. The representatives of "Contemporary Indigenous Australian art", some of whom have received several art awards, such as Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri, Kaapa Tjampitjinpa, Linda Syddick Napaltjarri, John Mawurndjul and Jenni Kemarre Martiniello also enjoy a good reputation today.
While these and many other contemporary Australian artists are able to make a living in their home country, which is far from the rest of the world, thanks to modern information and communication technologies and transport links, this was much more difficult for their predecessors throughout the 19th and even early 20th centuries. The art from "Down Under", at that time viewed with much scepticism on the part of Europeans towards the notorious British penal colony, was accepted as such almost exclusively in the form of illustrations of exotic Australian fauna and flora. Pictures, paintings and drawings of Ferdinand Bauer, Charles Alexandre Lesueur, John William Lewin, Benjamin Duterrau, Robert Hawker Dowling, John Glover and Conrad Martens thus circulated almost exclusively in Australia itself, and even the first galleries and museums, such as the "National Gallery of Victoria" in Melbourne in 1861, were not created until the middle of the 19th century. However, this international isolation slowly came to an end from the 1880s and 1890s onwards, and artists such as Arthur Streeton, Frederick McCubbin and Tom Roberts were also increasingly honoured overseas for skilful depictions of the typical colours, landscapes and lighting conditions of Australia.
Another of the first Australian artists to be successful abroad was the painter, author, printmaker and illustrator Mortimer Luddington Menpes, who was born and raised in Port Adelaide, but whose career actually took its course in Great Britain and not in Australia. After his family had moved back to England in 1875, he began his art education in 1878 at the School of Art in London and exhibited for the first time in 1880 at the Royal Academy. Inspired by a sketch tour of Brittany and influenced by Japanese designs, Menpes became a major figure in the renaissance of etching and produced more than 700 etchings, usually printed by himself. During the Boer War in South Africa from 1900 onwards, he worked as an illustrator and subsequently undertook extensive travels to Burma, Egypt, France, India, Italy, Japan, Kashmir, Mexico, Morocco and Spain. Menpes made a good living from printing his drawn impressions of foreign countries, but was also known for his skilful oil paintings and watercolours. He also devoted himself to the professional cultivation of carnations and founded two printing works in London and Watford to produce colour illustrated books using the Hentschel colour type process, which was new at the time.
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.jpg "An Actor by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1497023).jpg "World")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1500654).jpg "World’s Children: Spanish, In a Courtyard, Seville by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1497035).jpg "World")
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.jpg "Naul Masa Mosque by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "The Giant Lantern by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1499597).jpg "World’s Children: Indian, Discontent by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1499624).jpg "World’s Children: Burmese, The Red Jacket by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1485874).jpg "World")
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.jpg "Dutch farmhouse on Rhodes")
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.jpg "A Street Scene, Kioto by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A River Festival at Benares by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1485923).jpg "World’s Children: Cashmere, Sitting Still by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "An Elephant Reception for the Prince of Wales, Illustration from")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1504946).jpg "World’s Children: Cingalese, Early Morning by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A Sikh Warrior, 1903 by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1496999).jpg "World")
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.jpg "A Cottage in Surrey, 1903 by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1485921).jpg "World’s Children: Japanese, Little Mother by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Benares by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Portrait Studies by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Mrs Eden")
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.jpg "Westminster by Night by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1494079).jpg "World")
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.jpg "Street of Pink Lanterns by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1502851).jpg "World")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1504648).jpg "Marie Jeanne by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "The Golden Temple, Amritsar by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1485922).jpg "World’s Children: Burmese, Standing at Attention by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1497027).jpg "World")
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.jpg "Mosque of St Sophia, Constantinople by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Prince Francis of Teck by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "In the Streets of Delhi by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1511012).jpg "Mediaeval Houses, Vitre by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1494072).jpg "World")
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.jpg "A Quiet Street, 1905 by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A Retainer from Cutch by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "In the Retainers Procession by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1497871).jpg "A Solitary Meal by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1494076).jpg "World")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1502957).jpg "World’s Children: Italian, Rough Locks by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A Little Shop in Chelsea, c.1884-87 by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "The River Front, Benares, 1905 by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Grain-sellers, 1905 by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Cecil J Rhodes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1497025).jpg "World")
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.jpg "On the River Steps at Agra by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A Potter by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Cottages, Dorchester by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "House, Fulham by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1485872).jpg "World")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1485852).jpg "World")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1500771).jpg "The Bridge, Pont-Aven by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1508183).jpg "World’s Children: Italian, Giovanni by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1509335).jpg "World’s Children: English, The Doll by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Bombay Chiefs")
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.jpg "Quilted Soldiers of Kishengarh by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Portrait of Mr. Cecil Rhodes, c1901 by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-368714).jpg "A Tea House, Shanghai, c.1909 by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A Fruit Stall, 1905 by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1504143).jpg "Outside the Smithy, Pont-Aven by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "On the Great Canal, Osaka by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Late Afternoon by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "In the Temple of Amritsar by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Colonel Frank Rhodes by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1497032).jpg "World")
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.jpg "A Blaze of Sun, 1903 by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Goschenen by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "The Ogara River at Tokyo by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1494137).jpg "World’s Children: English, Lilac Sunbonnet by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Near Kimberley, 1903 by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Chiefs of the Shan State by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "State Entry by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Market Day in Peshawur by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1494127).jpg "World’s Children: Italian, On a Gondola by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Groote Schuur by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1501215).jpg "An Old Woman by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Chelsea Reach, with the Old Church by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A Kiosque, Paris by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A Blaze of Sun by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1482853).jpg "World’s Children: Japanese, One of our New Allies by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Agra by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A Rag Shop, 1905 by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "St Paul")
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.jpg "At the Door of the Temple, 1905 by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "An Elephant from Jaipur by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A Hawksman of Rajgarh by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "Studies of James McNeill Whistler, c1886, 1903 by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1501803).jpg "World")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1505689).jpg "Fishing Boats, Concarneau by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "White Hart Hotel, Dorchester by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "At a Street Corner, Amritsar by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1494131).jpg "World’s Children: Cashmere, The Potter by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1496260).jpg "A Sand-Cart on the Quay, Pont-Aven by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1494130).jpg "World’s Children: Burmese, A Find by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "A Meat Shop in Peshawur by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1496256).jpg "Curiosity by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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.jpg "The Fish Market by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1506949).jpg "World’s Children: Geography Lesson by Mortimer Ludington Menpes")
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