The Islamic School encompasses the art styles of the Islamic-influenced regions. Works from this school of art range from decorated ceramics, ornate buildings, and elaborately decorated carpets to the ever-popular and respected art of book illumination. Although the sphere of influence of Islam at times spanned areas as far apart as Moorish Andalusia or Far Eastern India, some features characteristic of this school developed thanks to constant exchanges, although the respective regions naturally have their own peculiarities.
One important peculiarity that influenced the artistic style of many of the areas in the Near East and North Africa over time and space was the restraint in the pictorial representation of living beings. Especially in religious contexts, this so-called "prohibition of images" is conspicuous, which - even if it is not directly based on statements of the Koran - was spread by theological and legal efforts. For this reason, the focus was mainly on the development of other forms of decoration.
A central form of design in the Islamic influenced regions is the ornament. Typical patterns of Islamic art include, on the one hand, plant patterns such as leaves and tendrils - called "arabesques" - and, on the other hand, geometric shapes, often consisting of repeating angular or circular segments, often arranged symmetrically. Such ornamental decorations are found, for example, in architecture as tile patterns or mosaics and in illuminated pages of Arabic manuscripts.
Another very common characteristic of Islamic art is the decoration with calligraphic Arabic lettering. The art of calligraphy was highly valued practically at all times, and the employment of the best calligraphers was considered a status symbol in the courts of Islamic rulers. The different script styles that developed over time in the regions of the Islamic world - for example, the angular Kufic script from Iraq, or the sweeping Maghrebi script - represent characteristic regional peculiarities. Calligraphic decorations can be found in all areas of art, whether as architectural inscriptions, textile embroidery, or independent works of art.
Despite the rejection of figurative representations, pictorial illustrations of humans and animals also occur in Islamic art. Historically, the absence of images is seen more in the Arabic tradition, while they found frequent use, for example, in the Persian, Turkish or Indian traditions, and through their influence also reached the more Arabic areas of the Islamic countries. Persian miniature painting in particular is a prominent source of such illustrations of people and animals, with the help of which a variety of literary works - often poems or mythological representations - were artfully enlivened.
Even though many of the works of art decorated in this way were lost in the course of the long history of their creation, countless examples of this style, even centuries old, are still in circulation. Moreover, even in more recent works, the traditional features of Islamic art continue to be used, keeping alive the typical decorative forms of this school.
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 (980-1037) - (MeisterDrucke-43287).jpg "Page from the")
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.jpg "The Persian Prince Humay Meeting the Chinese Princess Humayun in a Garden by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Merchant from Isfahan Flying, from")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-38983).jpg "Battle Between Mongol Tribes, probably from the")
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.jpg "A Giraffe, from")
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_cubic_building_located_in_th_-_(MeisterDrucke-981965).jpg "Islamic Art: View of Mecca and Kaaba by Islamic School")
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.jpg "A Poet Singer, Musicians and Singers, from the")
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.jpg "Marriage of the Three Daughters of Sero, King of Yemen. Persian miniature from")
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.jpg "Seljuk style Koran with coloured inscriptions and decorative counting medallions in the margins, 12-13th century by Islamic School")
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_(in_the_middle)_teaching_8_other_physicians_including_G_-_(MeisterDrucke-427450).jpg "Pythagoras teaching 8 other physicians including Galen and Andromachus, illustration from an arabic translation of De materia medica by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Two pages from a Koran manuscript, illuminated by Mohammad ebn Aibak with calligraphy by Ahmad ebn Sohrevardi, Il-Khanid Period, early 14th century by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Rustam")
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.jpg "Arabic medicine: blood circulation and digestive system by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Water Clock with Automated Figures, from")
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_(s_-_(MeisterDrucke-422135).jpg "Inner face of a Koran case with a thulth inscription on the binding by Islamic School")
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.jpg "A Medical Consultation, from")
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.jpg "Sun disc depicting a king sitting cross-legged on a throne flanked by two angels in the centre, found at Ray, Iran by Islamic School")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-416090).jpg "Five tiles, Kashan, Iran by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Canteen, from Syria or Northern Iraq, Ayyubid period, mid-13th century by Islamic School")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-426839).jpg "Lamp, from the Mosque of Sultan Hasan, Cairo by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Islamic Art: A Sultan and His Court. Persian miniature from a manuscript of the epic poem Shahnameh (Book of Kings) by Ferdowsi (ca. 940-around 1020) Around 1330 by Islamic School")
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.jpg "The Qibla Liwan of the Mosque of Al-Azhar by Islamic School")
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_Ayyubid_Period_1238-_-_(MeisterDrucke-423783).jpg "Basin with the name of Sultan Al-Malik Al-Adil, Ayyubid Period by Islamic School")
_Ayyubid_Period_1238-_-_(MeisterDrucke-423783).jpg)
_M_-_(MeisterDrucke-1024546).jpg "Islamic Representation of the Ascent of the Prophet Isa (Jesus). Miniature from the manuscript")
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.jpg "Folio from a Quran, Sura 38:64-69 by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Illuminated pages of a Koran manuscript, Il-Khanid Mameluke School by Islamic School")
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_looks_at_the_black_tent_of_the_leaders_of_the_Pers_-_(MeisterDrucke-1030122).jpg "Islamic Art:")
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.jpg "Islamic Art: Carafe with Silver Inlay and Arabic Writing by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Mechanical device for pouring water, illustration from the")
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.jpg "The dome of the Masjid-i-Sheikh Lutfallah, built by Shah Abbas I by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Botanical plants, illustration from")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1000163).jpg "View of the Shah Mosque (Also Known as Imam Mosque) by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Page from a Koran manuscript, illuminated by Mohammad ebn Aibak, Il-Khanid Period, early 14th century by Islamic School")
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_in_Medina_(_-_(MeisterDrucke-948306).jpg "Islamic Art: ceramic plaque depicting the tomb of Muhammad in Medina (present-day Saudi Arabia). Ceramic of the 16-17th century. Cairo, Museum of Islamic Arts. by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Islamic Art: Silver and copper candlestick with a rider by Islamic School")
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.jpg "The Sultan with his favourite accompanied by musicians and singers, c.1580 by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Water Pump, from")
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.jpg "The Dome of the Rock, built AD 692 by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Hunting Birds, from")
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.jpg "Treatise of Theriac after Galien, 1217 by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Portrait of Shah Jahan, mid 17th century by Islamic School")
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_Isfahan_-_(MeisterDrucke-1000162).jpg "Detail of the Vault of the Shah Mosque (Also Known as Imam Mosque) by Islamic School")
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.jpg "The Elephant Clock from a Book of the Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices by al-Jazari, 1315 by Islamic School")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-422144).jpg "Kufic calligraphy from a Koran manuscript by Islamic School")
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.jpg "The Court of the Sultan, illustration from")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-54003).jpg "Genghis Khan in His Tent by Rashid al-Din by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Illuminated pages from a manuscript of Hafez, Zand Period style, 1790 by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Muhammad: Revelation of a Part of Koran to Muhammad During a Battle by Islamic School")
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.jpg "The Sultan Showing Justice, from")
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.jpg "Islamic Art: Falcon Hunting by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Illuminated pages of a Koran manuscript, Il-Khanid Mameluke School by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Two Castles in the Black Sea, One in Greece and One in Anatolia by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Design for an automaton, from")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-430074).jpg "Decorated Dish with Blue Flowers, Moorish by Islamic School")
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.jpg "The Badshahi Mosque, built 1673-74 by Islamic School")
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_looks_again_at_the_tent_of_Roustam_Persian_miniatu_-_(MeisterDrucke-999254).jpg "Sohrab looks again at the tent of Roustam. Persian miniature from a manuscript of the epic poem")
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.jpg "Two Lions, Illustration from A Description of the Fixed Stars, by Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Two Pages from a Koran Manuscript by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Islamic representation of Adam and Eve hunts from Earth Paradise by Archangel Gabriel. Miniature from the manuscript")
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.jpg "Cavalry Charge from Nihayat al-Sul by Islamic School")
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.jpg "The Constellations of Andromeda and Perseus, illustration from")
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.jpg "The Great Mosque of Mecca, from")
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.jpg "Head of the Angels of the Sixth Sky and the Head of the Angels of the Seventh Sky, from")
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.jpg "Arabic medicine: blood circulation and digestive system by Islamic School")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1034407).jpg "The Umayyad Mosque, also Known as the Great Mosque of Damascus by Islamic School")
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.jpg "View of the courtyard by Islamic School")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-427229).jpg "Minaret of Mashud III by Islamic School")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-432435).jpg "View of a colonnade, Umayyad Period by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Text of a poem from an album, c.1540-50 by Islamic School")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-429566).jpg "Interior of the Tower of the Princesses by Islamic School")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-440239).jpg "Book cover, Egypt or Syria, Mamluk period by Islamic School")
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.jpg "The Ascension of the Prophet Mohammed, Persian by Islamic School")
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.jpg "A Horse Market by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Mural Panel of Figures Relaxing in a Garden, from the Tchehel Sutun or Pavilion of Forty Columns Built by Shah Abbas II (1642-66), Persian, from Isfahan, Iran by Islamic School")
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.jpg "View of Great Mosque and Its Minaret, the Malwiya Tower by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Interior of the Sultan")
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_of_Al-Mughira_(Al_Mughira_or_Moughira)_in_ivory_from_Cordoba_and_in_-_(MeisterDrucke-946596).jpg "Pyxide of Al-Mughira by Islamic School")
_of_Al-Mughira_(Al_Mughira_or_Moughira)_in_ivory_from_Cordoba_and_in_-_(MeisterDrucke-946596).jpg)
_14th_century_-_(MeisterDrucke-414722).jpg "The Room of the Two Sisters (Sala de las Dos Hermanas) 14th century by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Tile decorated in gold, red and white over dark blue glaze, late 13th or early 14th century by Islamic School")
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_the_Magnificent_in_1529_from_-_(MeisterDrucke-64996).jpg "Siege of Vienna by Suleyman I (1494-1566) the Magnificent, in 1529, from the")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-426609).jpg "Blind arcade by Islamic School")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-423737).jpg "Fabric with pattern of hunters, from Iran, 15th-16th century by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Zebu, illustration from")
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_-_-_(MeisterDrucke-961558).jpg "Islamic Art: Drawing on parchment from the period of Fatimid - Game of sticks - Painting on papyrus - Cairo, Museum of Islamic Art by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Mecca surrounded by the Mountains of Arafa by Islamic School")
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.jpg "The Sack of Mecca and the Removal of the sacred Black Stone from the Kaaba by the Katmathians by Islamic School")
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.jpg "A Woman Beseeching the Sultan, from")
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.jpg "Representation of the celestial globe, with zodiac signs and lunar divisions (nakshatra) by Islamic School")
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.jpg "The Reception for the Ambassador of the Grand Moghul at the Court of the Shah Tahmasp (detail) by Islamic School")
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.jpg "A Bifolio Depicting Hunting Scenes by Islamic School")
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_Ras_-_(MeisterDrucke-422731).jpg "Plate inscribed with the name of Sultan Al-Mujahid Saif-ud-din Ali Rasulid Dynasty, Yemen by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Water Balance by Islamic School")
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_(980-1037)_-_(MeisterDrucke-420069).jpg "Page from the Canon of Medicine by Avicenna (Ibn Sina) (980-1037) by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Open-air Feast, from a book of poems, 1554 by Islamic School")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-35569).jpg "Entrance portal and minaret, built c.1260-65 by Islamic School")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-52219).jpg "The Sultana leaving the palace, from")
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.jpg "Pattern, Islamic Arts by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Two pages of a Koran manuscript written in Oriental Kufic script by Islamic School")
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